Flying-machine.



G. GRANDINI.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION HLED OCT. 8. 1914.

6 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Patented May 18, 1915.

I G. GRANDINI.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED oc.T. a. 1914.

1,139,860. Patented May 18, 1915.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2- G. GRANDINI.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED 001a. 1914,

Patented May 18, 1915.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

n I] i ww m 1 f G. GRANDINI.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED on. a 1914.

Patented May 18, 1915.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4- THE NORRI PETERS C0,. PHOTO-LITHQ. WASHINGTON. D. C

G. GRANDINI.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION nuzn OCT. 8. 1914.

Patented May 18, 1915.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

THE NORRIS PETERS Co, PHOTO-LITHOH WASHINGION, D. c

G. GRANDINI.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 0, 1914.

Patented May 18, 1915.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

GIOVANNI GRANDINI, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

FLYING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 18, 1915.

Application filed October 8, 1914. Serial N 0. 865,613.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, GIOVANNI GRANDINI, asubject of the King of Italy, and a resident of Chicago, in the countyof Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in F lying-Machines, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to flying machines of the heavier than air classand of the biplane or monoplane type of the same, and has for its objectto provide a simple and elflcient structural formation and associationof parts whereby the lateral stability of the machine is automaticallymaintained. under ordinary varying conditions met with in actual use.

Another object is to provide a simple and efficient combination andarrangement of parts whereby the longitudinal stability of the machineis effectively controlled by the operator and with which the steering ofthe machine in either direction is effectively attained.

Another object is to provide a simple and effective construction ofparts whereby the driving engine or motor and its main accessories, are,in case of accident, released from the main portion of the machine, toindependently fall to the ground, leaving the machine itself and theoperator to volplane or otherwise reach safety.

Other and minor objects will appear in detail in the specification andembraced in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings:Figure 1, is a front elevation of a biplaneflying machine, embodying the present improvements, the parts beingshown in their normal position and relation. Fig. 2, is a similar view,the parts being shown out of their normal relation, and with theequilibrium restoring means in position for restoring the machine tonormal position. Fig. 3, is a side elevation. Fig. 4, is an enlargeddetail longitudinal section on linewa0, Fig. 1, of the forward positionof the machine. Fig. 5, is a top plan of the same. Fig. 6, is a detailsection on line ai -m Fig. 5, illustrating the pivotal connections ofthe equilibrium restoring vanes of the main planes of the machine. Fig.7, is a detailed longitudinal section on line w w Fig. 8, illustratingthe detachable supporting means in the main body of the machine for themotor engine and its attached accessories. Fig. 8, is

a horizontal section, on line a3 --w Fig. 7. Fig. 9, is a detailhorizontal section on line 02 -50 Fig. 4, illustrating the ground wheelconnection of the present construction. Fig. 10, is a detail transversesectional elevation on line w w Fig. 4, illustrating the laterallysliding seat for the operator of the present construction.

Similar reference numerals indicate like parts in the several views.

Referring to the drawings, 1 and 2, represents the main planes of aflying machine of the biplane type, of any usual and suitableconstruction, and disposed one above the other and held in spacedrelation by the series of longitudinal trusses or braces 3, and diagonaltension ties or cables 4, as shown.

5 designates the main car or casing of the flying machine, in which issupported, preferably in the detachable manner hereinafter described,the driving motor or engine 6 of the flying machine.

7 designates an outrigging or skeleton frame extending forwardly fromthe main car or casing 5, and providing means for supporting the seat 8for the operator, the forward horizontal elevating rudder 9, and theforward vertical steering rudder 10, hereinafter described in detail, aswell as the forward runner or groundwheel 11 of the flying machine.

12, designates a companion outrigging or skeleton frame extendingrearwardly from the main car or casing 5, and connected to said car orcasing 5 by an expanded skeleton frame or housing 13, in which isdisposed the bladed propeller 14 of the flying machine, and whichpropeller has the usual operative connection with the driving motor orengine 6, above referred to. The outrigging or frame 12, provides ameans of support for the rear pair of horizontal elevating rudder 15,and for the rear vertical steering rudder l6, hereinafter described indetail, as well as for the pair of rear runners or ground wheels 17 ofthe flying machine.

18 designates an arch or saddle shaped intermediate skeleton frame ormember, which in the present improvement forms a pivotal connectionbetween the main plains 1, 2 and the main car or casing 5, of the flyingmachine, to permit of independent longitudinal and transverse pivotalmovements between said parts. And to such end, said intermediate member18 has at its top or crest a central longitudinal pivot rail 19, theends of which are pivotally engaged by pivot ears 20, on the upperportion of the car or casing 5 to provide a swinging movement, in atransverse or lateral plane, between the car or casing 5 and theintermediate member 18. Near the lower extremities of its depending sideportions, said intermediate member 18 has transverse pivotal connections21, with the adjacent inner pair of longitudinal trusses 3, abovedescribed, to provide a swinging or pivotal movement in a longitudinalplane, between said intermediate member 18 and the main planes 1, 2, ofthe flying machine.

In the present improvement the respective upper and lower main planes 1and 2, are formed with a series of vent openings 22, adjacent to theirrespective outer ends, and adjacent to their rearward edges, as shown inFigs. 1, 2 and 5.

23 designates a series of longitudinally extending valves or vanes,normally closing the aforesaid series of vent openings 22, and pivotedcentrally therein by longitudinal hinge pins 24. In the preferred formof the hinge connections illustrated in Fig. 6, a hinge pin 24 of avalve or vane 23, has an associated coiled spring 25, the tendency ofwhich is to yieldingly maintain its valve or vane 23 in a closedcondition. In the preferred arrangement shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 5, thereare two groups of valves or vanes 23, to each side of the flyingmachine, and the valves or vanes 23 of each group are connected togetherto open and close in unison, by a connecting cable 26, common to thedifferent valves of the group.

27 designates a plurality of flexible connections or cables attached atone end to the aforesaid connecting cable 26, or directly to individualvalves 23 of the series of groups of valves above described. Saidflexible con nections or cables 27 extend transversely and obliquely ofthe flying machine, and are connected to the forward outrigging 7 of themain car or casing 5, at a fixed point of attachment 7 disposed adistance below the longitudinal pivot connections between the car 5 andintermediate member 18, above clescribed. With the describedconstruction, as the main planes 1 and 2, tilt in a lateral plane inactual use, the valves 23 in the rising portions of the planes areautomatically opened to a lesser or greater extent and correspondingwith the degree of tilt of the main planes 1, 2, in relation to the car5. The opening of said valves effects a corresponding reduction in theeffective superficial areas of the rising portions of the planes, and asa resulting efiect sets up in such portions of the planes, a tendency toreturn to the normal position, in that the valves or vanes 23 in thedescending portions of the main planes, remain closed to maintain theeffective superficial area of such downwardly tending portions of themain planes. With the described construction and operation the lateralstability of the flying machine is effectively maintained under allordinary conditions met with in actual use.

28 designates a plurality of flexible bracing constructions or cables,fixedly attached to the outer extremity of the upper main plane 1, andextending obliquely and in a transverse plane to the median line of theflying machine, and attached to the respective ends of a segmentalsliding member 29, having sliding movement in a fixed segmental slideway30, disposed in adjacent relation to the point of fixed attachment 7 ofthe flexible connections 27, above described, and as illustrated inFigs. 1 and 2. The above described construction is adapted to strengthenor brace the main planes in their normal transverse pivotal movementwith relation to the main car or casing 1, and materially aids inproviding a stable connection between the parts.

31 designates a latching lever on the fixed slideway 30 aforesaid, andhaving locking engagement with the aforesaid sliding member 29. Saidlatching lever 31 is controlled by the operative connections of anautomatic and a manually actuated nature, hereinafter described indetail.

32 designates a pair of horizontal elevating rudders disposed in thespace between the upper and lower main planes 1 and 2, and in theforward and outer portions of said space and preferably with theirpoints of pivotal support in the series of trusses 3 of the planesaforesaid.

33 designates a flexible connection or cable, the respective terminalends of which are attached to the fixed point of attachment 7 of theforward outrigging 7, before described. From said point of attachmentthe flexible connection 33 extends to a guide sheave or pulley 34 on theupper main plane 1, around said sheave and down to a guide sheave orpulley 35 on the lower main plane 2, being attached intermediate of saidguide sheaves to the rear edge of the horizontal elevating rudder 32, tothe right. From the sheave 35 aforesaid, the flexible connection 33extends transversely to a guide sheave or pulley 35 on the lower mainplane 2, and from thence to a guide sheave or pulley 34 on the uppermain plane 1, being attached intermediate of said sheaves to the rearedge of the horizontal elevating rudder 32, to the left. From the sheave34 the flexible connection 33 extends to the fixed point of attachment7, as aforesaid. With the described construction and connection ofparts, as the main planes 1 and 2, tilt in a lateral plane in actualuse, the horizontal rudders 32 are automatically actuated in oppositedirections, to aid in restoring the lateral stability of the machine,and in this connection operating in unison with the valves or vanes 23,above described.

36 designates a vertical shaft journaled in the main car or casing 5,and carrying a series of sheaves or pulleys 37, 38, 39, 40 and 41,arranged in separated relation, and having individual flexible or cableconnections with the various operating portions of the flying machine,now to be described in connection with the detail construction of suchoperating portions or parts.

42 designates a steering wheel journaled in the main car or casing 5, inadjacent relation to the operators seat 8, and capable on convenientoperation by the operator.

43 designates a flexible connection or cable forming an operativeconnection between the aforesaid steering wheel 42, and the verticalshaft 36 above described, and the series of sheaves or pulleys, andconnections associated with said shaft.

44 designates flexible connections or cables forming operativeconnections between the sheaves or pulleys 37, 41, of the aforesaidshaft 36, and the main planes 1 and 2, to affect a longitudinal tiltingadjustment of said planes 1, 2, in unison with the tilting adjustment ofthe forward and rearward horizontal elevating rudders 9 and 15,hereinafter described in detail. And to such end the aforesaid flexibleconnections 44, extend longitudinally from the sheaves 37, 41, to andaround guide sheaves on the car 5 and outrigging 7, and thencevertically for attachment to the front and rear edges of the main planes1 and 2, as illustrated more particularly in Fig. 4.

The forward horizontal elevating rudder 9, above referred to, ispivotally supported in the forward outrigging 7, of the machine, and isoperated and controlled by the following means :45 designates a flexibleconnection or cable forming an operative connection between a sheave orpulley 40, on the vertical shaft 36, and the lateral operating arm ofthe aforesaid forward horizontal elevating rudder 9.

The rearward horizontal elevating rudders 15 are two in number,connected together in separated relation by an intermediate skeletonconnecting frame 46, which in turn is pivotally mounted in the rearwardoutrigging 12 of the machine, and said rudders 15 are operated andcontrolled by the following means :47 designates a flexible connectionor cable extending from the intermediate frame 4670f the rudders 15,forwardly to and around a series of guide sheaves 48, carried on theoutrigging 12 and on the skeleton inclosing frame 13 of the bladedpropeller 14 of the machine. From the last of said guide sheaves, theflexible connection 47 extends to the sheaves or pulley 38 of thevertical shaft 36, to operate in unison therewith.

The forward vertical steering rudder 10, is pivotally supported in theforward outrigging 7 before described, and is operated and controlled bythe following means 49 designates a foot lever pivoted in the main caror casing 5, in adjacent relation to the operators seat 8, beforereferred to and adapted for operation by the feet of the operator.

5O designates a pair of flexible connections extending from the footlever 49, to the side arms 51 of the forward vertical steering rudder10, above described, and adapted to operatively connect said rubber withthe foot lever 49.

The rearward vertical steering rudder 16, is pivotally supported in thisintermediate carrying frame 46 of the horizontal elevating rudders 15,described above in detail, and said rudder 16 is operatively attached tothe above described operating connections of the forward verticalsteering rudder 10, by continuations of the flexible connection 50aforesaid, which extend rearwardly through the main car 5, to and arounda series of guide sheaves 52, carried on the skeleton inclosing frame 13of the bladed propeller 14 and on the rearward outrigging 12, and fromthe last of said guide sheaves, to the lateral operating arms of saidrearward vertical steering rudder 16, to attain an operation of the samein unison with that of the forward vertical steering rudder 10, abovedescribed.

53, is a flexible connection or cable operatively connected to the footlever 49, and to the latching lever 31, heretofore described, andadapted to enable the operator to release said latching lever from itsengagement with the sliding member 29 of the main planes 1 and 2, whendesired.

The operators seat 8, before referred to, is movably mounted on atransversely arranged support 54, carried on the forward outrigging 7,and is adapted to maintain by gravity and the weight of the operator, acentral position regardless of lateral tilting of the main car or casing'5, in one direction or the other.

55 designates a flexible connection or cable operatively connected tothe operators seat 8, aforesaid, and to the latching lever 31,heretofore described, and adapted to automatically release said lever31, from its engagement with the sliding member 29 aforesaid, when anundue lateral tilting of the flying machine takes place.

In the present improvement the supporting frame 56 of the driving engineor motor 6 of the flying machine, is disposed within an open bottomcompartment, formed by a skeleton frame 57 secured within the main caror casing 5, with the aforesaid frame 56 of the motor normally restingupon and supported. by transverse end ledges 58, on the skeleton frame57 as illustrated in Figs. 7 and. 8.

59 designates springs tending to force the motor frame 56, aforesaid, ina rearward direction and off from its support upon the aforesaid ledges58, and so that the motor 6 with its propeller 14 and other attachedaccessories, may at the will of the operator, be released and permittedto fall away from the other portion of the flying machine, when safetyindicates such a proceedings. In connection with this construction, theskeleton inclosing frame 18, of the bladed propeller 14, will be formedwith an open bottom to admit of the escape of said propeller.

6O designates latch bolts guided in the skeleton frame 57 aforesaid, andengaging the supporting frame 56 of the motor 6, to hold the same intheir normal position against the tension of the springs 58, aforesaid.

62 designates flexible connections or cables operatively connected tothe latch bolts 60, aforesaid, and extending forwardly to an operatinglever 63, pivoted on the forward outrigging 7 of the main car 5, withinconvenient reach of the operator and so that he can when desired operatesaid lever to release the motor 6 and its attached accessories, andpermit the same to fall independent of the other portions of the flyingmachine.

The ground wheels 11 and 17, before referred to, are carried by verticallinks 6%, which in turn are connected to sliding heads 65 adapted toslide upon vertical guide ways 66, at the lower end of dependlngextensions of the forward and. rearward outrigging 7 and 12, beforedescribed, and such movement of the sliding heads 65 is retarded by anyusual means, such as frictional resistance or a series of cushionsprings.

67 designates radius links pivotally connected to the outrigging 7aforesaid, and to the lower ends of the links 64, and adapted to imposean oblique movement on the ground wheels, as they move toward the mainportions of the machine, as the same makes a ground landing.

While the present improvements are shown in the drawings as applied to abiplane flying machine, the scope of thepresent invention is intended toembrace the use of the various novel structures in a monoplane or otherusual type of flying machines.

Having thus fully described my said invention which I claim as new anddesire to secu e bv Letters Patent, is

1. A flying machine comprising a main transverse plane, a car providedwith elevating and steering rudders, an intermediate frame of a skeletonarch form connected at its crown to the car by a longitudinal pivot andat its depending side portions to the main plane by transverse pivots,and a transverse bracing connection attached to the respective ends ofthe main plane and having a sliding bearing at the underside of the car,substantially as set forth.

2. A flying machine comprising a main transverse plane, a car providedwith elevating and steering rudders, an intermediate frame of a skeletonarch form connected at its crown to the car by a longitudinal pivot andat its depending side portions to the main plane by transverse pivots, atransverse bracing connection attached to the respective ends of themain plane and having a sliding portion moving in a guideway on theunderside of the car, and means on the car for latching said slidingportion against movement, substantially as set forth.

3. A flying machine comprising a main transverse plane, a car providedwith elevating and steering rudders, an intermediate frame connected tothe car by a longitudinal pivot and to the main plane by transversepivots, a transverse bracing connection attached to the respective endsof the main plane and having a sliding portion moving in a guideway onthe underside of the car, and means on the car for latching said slidingportion against movement, the same comprising a latching lever engagingsaid sliding portion and an operating lever disposed adjacent to theoperators seat and operatively connected to said latching lever,substantially as set forth.

4;. A flying machine comprising a main transverse plane, a car providedwith elevating and steering rudders, an intermediate frame connected tothe car by a longitudinal pivot and to the main plane by transversepivots, a transverse bracing connection attached to the respective endsof the main plane and having a sliding portion moving 110 in a guidewayon the underside of the car, and means on the car for latching saidsliding portion against movement, the same comprising a latching leverengaging said sliding portion and a laterally shifting seat 115 havingoperative connection with said latching lever, substantially as setforth.

5. A flying machine comprising a main transverse plane, a car providedwith elevating and steering rudders, an intermediate 120 frame connectedto the car by a longitudinal pivot and to the main frame by transversepivots, a transverse bracing connection attached to the respective endsof the main plane and having a sliding portion moving 125 in a guidewayon the underside of the car, and means on the car for latching saidsliding portion against movement, the same comprising a latching leverengaging said sliding portion, an operating lever disposed ad- 130 jacent to the operators seat and operatively connected to said latchinglever and a 1aterally shifting operators seat having operativeconnections with said latching lever, substantially as set forth.

6. A flying machine comprising a main transverse plane formed with ventopenings adjacent to its respective ends, hinged valves or vanescontrolling said openings, springs associated with said valves or vanesto yield ingly hold the same closed, a car provided with elevating andsteering rudders, an intermediate frame connected to the car by alongitudinal pivot and to the main plane by transverse pivots, andoperative connections extending from the valves aforesaid to theunderside of the car and attached thereto, substantially as set forth.

7. A flying machine comprising a main transverse plane formed with aseries of vent openings adjacent to each of its respective ends, hinged.valves controlling said openings and connected together to operate inunison, springs associated with said valves to yieldingly hold the sameclosed, a car provided with elevating and steering rudders, anintermediate frame connected to the car by a longitudinal pivot and tothe main plane by transverse pivots, and operative connections extendingfrom the valves aforesaid to the underside of the car and attachedthereto, substantially as set forth.

8. A flying machine comprising upper and lower main planes formed withvent openings adjacent to their respective ends, hinged valves or vanescontrolling said openings, a car provided with elevating and steeringrudders, an intermediate frame connected to the car by a longitudinalpivot and to the main planes by transverse pivots, and operativeconnections extending from the valves aforesaid to the underside of thecar and attached thereto, substantially as set forth.

9. A flying machine comprising upper and lower main planes formed withvent openings adjacent to their respective ends, hinged valvescontrolling said openings, springs associated with said valves toyieldingly hold the same closed, a car provided with elevating andsteering rudders, an intermediate frame connected to the car by alongitudinal pivot and to the main planes by transverse pivots, andoperative connections extending from the valves aforesaid to theunderside of the car and attached thereto, substantially as set forth.

10. A flying machine comprising upper and lower main planes formed witha series of vent openings adjacent to each of their respective ends,hinged valves controlling said openings and connected together tooperate in unison, a car provided with elevating and steering rudders,an intermediate frame connected to the car by a longitudinal pivot andto the main planes by transverse pivots, and operative connectionsextending from the valves aforesaid to the underside of the car andattached thereto, substantially as set forth.

11. A flying machine comprising upper and lower main planes formed witha series of vent openings adjacent to each of their respective ends,hinged valves controlling said openings and connected together tooperate in unison, springs associated with said valves to yieldinglyhold the same closed, a car provided with elevating and steeringrudders, an intermediate frame connected to the car by a longitudinalpivot and to the main planes by transverse pivots, and operativeconnections extending from the valves aforesaid to the underside of thecar and attached thereto, substantially as set forth.

12. A flying machine comprising a main transverse plane, a pair ofhorizontal elevating rudders j ournaled beneath the respective sides ofsaid plane, a car provided with elevating and steering rudders, anintermediate frame of a skeleton arch form connected at its crown to thecar by a longitudinal pivot and at its depending side portions to themain plane by transverse pivots, and flexible operative connectionsextending from said horizontal elevating rudders to the underside of thecar and attached thereto, substantially as set forth.

13. A flying machine comprising a main transverse plane, a car providedwith elevating and steering rudders, an intermediate frame connected tothe car by a longitudinal pivot and to the main plane by transversepivots, a vertical shaft journaled in the car, a flexible connectionoperatively attached to said shaft and extending to and attached to therespective front and rear ends of the main plane, a hand wheel locatedadjacent to the operators seat, and having operative connections withthe vertical shaft aforesaid, substantially as set forth.

14. A flying machine comprising a main transverse plane, a car havingforward and rearward outriggings, the rear outrigging being connected tothe car by an expanded skeleton frame, a propeller arranged within saidskeleton frame, a motor mounted in the car and carrying said propeller,horizontal elevating rudders pivoted on the aforesaid outrigging, avertical shaft journaled in the car, flexible connections operativelyconnected to said shaft and extending to and attached to said rudders,and a hand Wheel located adjacent to the operators seat and havingoperative connection with the vertical shaft aforesaid, substantially asset forth.

15. A flying machine comprising a main transverse plane, a car havingforward and rearward outriggings, the rear outrigging being connected tothe car by an expanded skeleton frame, a propeller arranged within saidskeleton frame, a motor mounted in the car and carrying said propeller,a horizontal elevating rudder pivoted on the forward outrigging, a pairof connected horizontal elevating rudders pivoted on the rearwardoutrigging, a vertical shaft j ournaled in the car, flexible connectionsoperatively connected to said shaft and extending to and attached tosaid rudders, and a hand wheel located adjacent to the operators seatand having operative connection with the vertical shaft aforesaid,substantially as set forth.

16.-A flying machine comprising a main transverse plane, a car havingforward and rearward outriggings, the rear outrigging being connected tothe car by an expanded skeleton frame open at its bottom, a propellerarranged within said skeleton frame, a motor mounted in the car andcarrying said propeller, vertical steering rudders pivoted on theaforesaid outriggings, a foot lever fulcrumed in the car, and flexibleconnections between said lever and the rudders, the flexible connectionsbetween the foot lever and rear rudder extending over the aforesaidexpanded skeleton frame, sub stantially as set forth.

17. A flying machine comprising a main transverse plane, a car havingforward and rearward outriggings, the rear outrigging being connected tothe car by an expanded skeleton frame, a propeller arranged within saidskeleton frame, a motor mounted in the car and carrying said propeller,horizontal elevating rudders pivoted on the aforesaid outriggings, avertical shaft journaled in the car, flexible connections operativelyconnected to said shaft and extending to and attached to said rudders, ahand wheel located adjacent to the operators seat and having operativeconnections with said vertical shaft, vertical rudders pivoted on theaforesaid outriggings, a foot lever fulcrumed in the car, flexibleconnections operatively connected to said foot lever and extending toand operatively connected to said vertical rudders, substantially as setforth.

18. A flying machine comprising a main transverse plane, a car havingforward and rearward outriggings, the rear outrigging being connected tothe car by an expanded skeleton frame, a propeller arranged within saidskeleton frame, a motor mounted in the car and carrying said propeller,a horizontal elevating rudder pivoted on the forward outrigging, a pairof connected horizontal elevating rudders pivoted on the rearwardoutrigging, a vertical shaft journaled in the car, flexible connectionsoperatively connected to said shaft and extend ing to and attached tosaid rudders, a hand wheel located adjacent to the operators seat andhaving operative connections with said vertical shaft, vertical rudderspivoted on the aforesaid outriggings, a foot lever fulcrumed in the car,flexible connections operatively connected to said foot lever andextending to and operatively connected to said vertical rudders,substantially as set forth.

19. A flying machine comprising a main transverse plane, a car connectedto said plane and provided with elevating and steering rudders, an openbottom supporting frame on said car, a motor having a frame adapted fordetachable engagement with said supporting frame and having alongitudinally extending power shaft, a bladed propeller mounteddirectly on said shaft, means for locking the two frames in engagedrelation, and means for releasing said locking means, substantially asset forth.

20. A flying machine comprising a main transverse plane, a car havingforward and rearward outriggings, the rear outrigging being connected tothe car by an expanded skeleton frame, a propeller arranged within saidskeleton frame, an open bottom supporting frame on said car, a motorhaving a frame adapted for detachable engagement with said supportingframe, means for locking the two frames in engaged relation, and meansfor releasing said locking means, substantially as set forth.

21. A flying machine comprising a main transverse plane, a car havingforward and rearward outriggings, the rear outrigging being connected tothe car by an expanded skeleton frame, a propeller arranged with in saidskeleton frame, an open bottom supporting frame on said car, a motorhaving a frame adapted for detachable engagement with lateral ledges onsaid supporting frame, springs tending to move said motor frame fromengagement with said ledges, latching bolts adapted to hold the motorframe in place on said ledges, and operative connections for said boltsextending to an operating means located in reach of the operator,substantially as set forth.

Signed at Chicago, Illinois, this 19th day of September, 1914.

GIOVANNI GRANDINI.

Witnesses ALFREDO GRANDINI, MORRIS MILLER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. 0.

